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Termites live and work collectively in nests or colonies. Members of this colony take different forms or castes. These include:
Their wings are size and shape and twice the length of the body. They shed following the colonising flight was created. Shed wings are a good indication of termite presence.
These are the sexual forms of the colony including future kings and queens of colonies to be established.
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The reproductives reside in a central chamber in the nest where a female, or queen, will lay many thousands of eggs each year over her life span of about 10 years. Man, or kings, are responsible to fertilising the queens. Numerous reproductives are commonly observed.
The young termites develop in the colony by shedding cuticles in the end of each growth stage, gradually changing until they get to the employee, soldier or adult (winged form). If queens perish, some supplementary reproductives may carry on the colony as neotenics.
Reproductives are generally darker than employees and soldiers. They have functional eyes and their stronger skin (cuticle) can resist the external environment. Once flight, unlike other insects, the deciduous wings of termites are lost and piles of shed wings are a fantastic hint to termite infestations.
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Officials have , heads that are larger that are darker than the other castes. They are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs.
Soldiers are tougher than the other castes and take longer to die from most toxins, exposure, or starvation. It's their role to defend the colony, if upset, while the damage is repaired by the workers.
Soldiers exist in different types. Most species have soldiers, with well-developed jaws (mandibles) used to crush attackers, like ants.
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Nastute soldiers occur in Nasustitermes species and are only infrequently found as pests in Victoria. They have a snout where they eject a solution which irritates and glues attackers.
Soldiers have a huge head, which can be wedged in tunnels to prevent attackers. Are only occasional introductions to Victoria.
The employees account for the greatest number of termites within the colony, and are therefore responsible for the most damage.
They gather food, groom other termites, construct tunnels and fix damage in addition to tending to the kings, queens and their young. These termites are believed to operate 24 hours a day during their 4-year life span. Worker termites are generally unpigmented. They are blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. .
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Termites hatch from eggs that have been tended by their own nest mates in specially constructed nurseries.
As soon as they are old enough, the young work within the colony where jobs change with age and maturity.
Once a single colony becomes sufficiently large it produces winged reproductives that click this wait in specially constructed chambers until prepared to depart the nest and undertake a colonising flight.
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They leave the nest as a swarm under conditions of high humidity, still air, and at times low light. Termites are not strong fliers and generally only fly up to 1km, but breezes and updrafts can carry them much farther.
Upon landing near a suitable nest site, the female sheds her wings and emits a calling scent. Males respond.
They dig in and within the next few weeks, mate and take care of their young until enough workers develop to take over the care functions.
New colonies are established via budding. This is believed to occur when the extremities of this colony get rid of contact and become independent.
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The primary king and queen are thought to emit hormones, which suppress the sexual development of the remainder of the colony. However, this control breaks down if the land is too big or contact groups is dropped.
Termites work in nests or colonies. They hatch from eggs as mammals, which can be fed by adult termites. They then develop into castes or four forms of termite:
Soldiers have large, black heads, are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Soldiers are tougher than other castes and may take longer to control. Some species of soldier termites have strong jaws (mandibles) utilized to crush attackers, like ants.
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Workers are colourless, blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Employees are the greatest caste within a colony and are, therefore, responsible for most harm.
Reproductives which are darker in color have functional eyes and robust skin. This caste becomes the pioneers of colonies.
The temperature, food grade, and activity of the colony will determine how long it takes for a termite.